Discuss the detail information of the movie Rossie the Riveter Essay

Talk about the detail data of the film Rossie the Riveter - Essay Example The film clarifies about the life of a plant specialist Rosalind Warren, and the manner by which she battles to get by as a plant laborer during war time 1944. Obviously, the principle message of the film was to accentuation on the fairness of sex and race and how ladies can function her way towards progress with her resolve and assurance. In this film the Rosie with her companion Vera Watson and two other male associates needed to share the last room which was accessible around, while working for a production line. This film obviously depicts the sexual orientation and race financial matters through the character of â€Å"Rosie† and furthermore passes on how the administration planned for convincing the American ladies to join the work power to upgrade the economy and furthermore to construct the lives of ladies themselves. The film was concentrating on the factor that sex is never an issue with regards to work, and, each individual reserved the option to try sincerely and pr ocure their occupation. The primary purposeful publicity behind this film was to clarify the racial separation, sex disparity and practical downturn during the World War II. The monetary status of the war time requested an unrest and profoundly required a requirement for the ladies of the American culture to join the workforce. This procedure took numerous places of men as ladies involved positions which required manliness and fearlessness as equivalent to male specialists. Here the film calls attention to the beneficial experience of Women in the war front and the procedure by which they approached to join the workforce contending with men. Here the division among people has been deleted to a significant level and female force is centered around. The customary picture of ladies is given a contort and her strengthening as a female force is featured and lifted up. The Movie anticipated the working period of three dark ladies and two white ladies during the World War II mechanical ins urgency. The film shows that the racial and sex separation were put off from the psyches of American culture and uniformity was elevated to realize equity and rights to ladies in the general public. This activity of the administration gave a message to the open that ladies could deal with both home and calling at same time effectively. Rosie the lead character of the film needed to live with men alongside her female companion and this was not a simple assignment for ladies of that century, in which existed parcel of social restrictions on female. This film be that as it may, had evaded numerous women's activist students of history as the female characters of the film were exemplifications of fortitude, assurance and positive reasoning. Also, the film demonstrated how the dark ladies can ascend in the general public as a laborer and home creator like different races without confronting any predisposition and partiality. The three dark ladies and the two white ladies depicted in the f ilm come for instance for the group of people yet to come to comprehend that the race and sexual orientation ought not be models with regards to work opportunity. Here in the film the cheerful moods, undying vitality, positive brain and quality of ladies are featured in a significant way. These female characters in the film were amped up for working in an unsafe climate and were anxious to bring in cash all alone to have an occupation. The female characters in the film took over occupation which was done already by military men and this was a factor of wonder and motivation for the ladies in the general public. This could be the principle motivation behind why the character ‘

Communication Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Correspondence Analysis - Essay Example Blend of set of aptitudes, for example, nonverbal correspondence, attentive tuning in, stress the board at the time, and the capacity to perceive and comprehend ones own feelings and those of the individual you’re speaking with, can productively effectively express the idea. The paper, accordingly, will in general break down a correspondence with the point of distinguishing the methods that should be utilized to make it helpful. There is this situation where an association was intending to think of a transient task that would change the manner in which different exercises were done and all individuals were to engage in completing the undertaking. Arranging official was to concocted a procedural arrangement for how that venture was to be completed and, the main technique that he could use in conveying the data about the undertaking was through directing authoritative structure to assign errands. During the meeting, clamors, poor criticism, poor non-verbal correspondence, a vagueness of certain terms, absence of certainty, absence of elective channels just as ecological amicability. The task was successfully done through the association experienced low spirit of the workers, diminished effectiveness of the venture too an absence of advancement. From the above it is numerous spikes that the association didn't accomplish its objective and, encountered a huge misfortune. The essential driver of the issue was not simply the task but rather the way where correspondence was completed by the arranging official while tending to the workers. Poor listening abilities prompted a great deal of clamors, and nobody comprehended what was being said. Listening include giving close consideration to what is being said and posing an inquiry where fundamental. The issue of community was to be given a lot of weight as filling in as a family or one gathering as it could have helped in yielding a lot of natural product. The representatives didn't focus on the speaker might be on the grounds that they figured they could do it without

How to Build a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

How to Build a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) © Shutterstock.com | Bakhtiar ZeinIn this article we focus on the topic of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). We start with a deep dive in 1) SOA: a description and going then to discuss 2) building a Service Oriented Architecture.SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE: A DESCRIPTIONWhat is SOA?SOA or Service-oriented Architecture is a method through which different types of services can interact with each other independently. A service is a self-contained part of the functionality, and several services can be combined to provide use and functionality of a software application on a large scale. What SOA does is that it makes it simpler for software parts on PCs that are connected to a network to interact and cooperate. The design pattern of SOA is such that applications components in it can offer services to other such components mostly over a network. Each and every computer system can run any number of services, each of which is built to exchange information with any other different serv ice in a network without human help.In business terminology, SOA is a set of business-aligned IT services which together address the goals and processes of the business company. The structural design of SOA makes sure that there is an alignment with the requirements of the business as well as the technological solution of the same.The major elements of SOAHere are the major elements of SOA:SOA Drivers SOA drivers or enterprise business drivers include things like competition, strategy, regulatory forces and market forces. All these things come together to drive the business architecture and to give a shape to business-wide performance managementSOA enablers The five main SOA enablers are Enterprise business model, Business performance optimization, Portfolio Rationalization, Enterprise Semantics definition and Key performance indicators. Having a business model is important for the correct alignment of services with the aims and goals of the business. The semantic information mode l gives the common and general business related information for a given enterprise. Key performance indicators or KPIs make the assessment of the impact of SOA possible and make the measurement of business processes easier. On the other hand, portfolio rationalization makes consolidation and simplification of applications, data and infrastructure possible.SOA Implementation As far as implementation is concerned, business services and processes are the main aspects. Business processes are mostly associated with business goals and objectives of operations whereas, on the other hand, business services must be well aligned and are critical to flexible and successful SOA implementation. Some of the other aspects related to SOA implementation are Enterprise content repositories, semantic messaging and integration services. The information represents the data resources of the company, and this data is passed in the form of documents that provide a kind of semantic messages between service s and processes.SOA Support All the functions and elements from the existing applications and systems are made available and usable to the services with the support of some integration services that take off covers from the existing functions via new service interfaces.The Main Principles of SOAThe following is the list of the main principles of SOA:Service architecture The physical layout or design of individual services that surpass all the resources that were used by a service.Service composition architecture All the services developed using service-oriented design methods are composition centric, and this is their main feature. This architecture, therefore, is the composition of individual architectures of various services.Service inventory architecture This architecture is formed from the service inventory blueprint where the service inventory is made up of services that automate the procedures of businesses.Service-oriented enterprise architecture This type constitutes of composition, service as well as inventory architectures.The Evolution of SOA ConceptMonolithic design This design was related to relatively unstructured procedural codingObject and structure oriented design This is the design that involves program units based on functionalities.Client-server design (two-tier design) This is the concept of distributed design and is related to bundling of functionalities into two tiers.Distributed object design (multitier design) This design involves object interactions in a heterogeneous environment and distributed object design.Component object model architecture This is a design in which there is an aggregation of items into logic based parts with strongly types as well as a well-defined interface.Service oriented architecture This is a design that involves interactions and communications between coarse-grained services with standard interfaces for a flexible interoperations.SOA and JAVAMany developers think that SOA, as well as web services , are synonymous with one another, but this is not true. They may also believe that it is just not possible to build SOA without using web services but in reality, SOA is a design principle but web services are a kind of an implementation technology. This means that SOA can be in fact built without making use of implementation technology of a certain kind. But Java is another kind of a traditional technology which can be used to develop or build Service Oriented Architecture.The main aim of SOA is to develop a loose coupling between modules, and an application can be built where the modules are not coupled with one another too tightly. This kind of a structure can be built or formed with the help of JAVA.What are the characteristics of SOA?Loose connection The services in SOA are linked together loosely to form one connection. This gives a presupposition to the modicum of the interdependence between each service. The main idea is to reduce the interdependence to the level where com patibility is still maintained.The standardized services interface One basic requirement of SOA is the need for standardization of interfaces as well as details. The details must include which data is needed, how a service can be used and how rules have to be applied.Reusability In SOA, reusability of services is possible down the process chain by other parties as well and for other types of purposes also.Findability of a service Another characteristic is that a service must easily be found in order to use it. To all consumers, service repositories are made available, and such repositories consist of the interface and implementation method of service.Service autonomy Every service must be able to work and function independently. This term points to those services that are self-sufficient and are capable of managing resources, logic, and the environment on their own.Capacity for service orchestration This is a process where an individual service is combined with other such servi ces to result in larger business processes or units. This is a further characteristic or requirement for SOA.Statelessness of services Performance of services is based on the concept that a defined service is rendered. This takes into account retention of data but only if the requirement is specified or requested especially.Advantages and benefits of SOABetter returns on investment One of the greatest benefits of SOA is that it offers a superb return on investment. Since the process involves the creation of robust layers, each of these service layers offer a better return on the investment that was done to create the software.Code mobility This is yet another important benefit of SOA and is possible because there is a location transparency in Service Oriented Architecture. Most clients do not care where the services are located because there is a dynamic binding as well as the lookup to services. This means that the businesses using SOA can move services to different machines or move it to external service providers.The reusability Another advantage of SOA is that the various codes and services can be used over and over again. There is the convenience of run-time service reuse, and it is as easy as finding a service in the directory and binding to it. The developers do not have to worry about platforms and other incompatibilities.Support for various client types Any company can use multiple client types and multiple clients to access a service in SOA. This is because in such a structure or concept, the layers have been divided into service, and client layers and various client types are simpler to implement.A higher level of availability Several servers have several cases of services using them due to the fact that SOA support location transparency. This means that the overall availability is very high. For example, if a machine or a part of a network stops working or has some issue, the requests can be redirected to other services without the client kno wing it or being bothered by it.Fewer defects This is a major advantage of SOA. The probability of defects is much lower, and the overall testing is a lot better due to published interfaces of services that can be tested easily. More testing translates to a greater level of accuracy and fewer defects.SOA ChallengesLack of Testing Space One of the biggest challenges in SOA is the lack of testing space. In a typical architecture, there are no well-formed or sophisticated tools or methods to test a headless service such as a message or database service. The main objective of SOA is to offer agility to companies and businesses. But due to lack of horizontal trust, one needs to invest in a testing framework that would make the challenge easier.Manage Services Metadata This is a common and very obvious challenge of SOA. Managing the services metadata is not just tough but often very complicated. A service based architectural space involves services interacting with each other by exchan ging message. In such a scenario, a single services may sometimes have millions of messages generated. Managing these many services can become very difficult especially when the services are delivered by different companies and departments within a company. This creates many trust issues.Providing right levels of the security Another challenge of SOA is providing appropriate levels of security. The application-managed security is not the correct method or model for securing services because security models designed into applications cannot suffice when the application shows itself to others.Interoperability This becomes a crucial aspect of SOA implementations. Often, in the pursuit to reduce or decrease the interdependence of services, the compatibility between them may reduce but the dependence has to be reduced to such a level that compatibility can still be maintained.Vendor hype There is a significant vendor hype related to SOA, and this creates a certain level of undue expec tations. While there are many advantages of SOA, it can have several disadvantages as well. For example, SOA does not guarantee a reduction in IT costs and does not even promise improvement in agility of systems. Thus, it would be better if there was a clear distinction between hype and reality.BUILDING A SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURESOA FrameworkTo understand how SOA is built, you will first need to understand what its framework is.SOA is viewed as 5 different horizontal layers which are:Consumer interface layer-These are the apps that access service or app interfaces.Business process layer-This is a layer that is a service that represents business use-cases as far as applications are concerned.Services Many services are clubbed together for creating a whole enterprise.Service components These are those components or parts that are used to build services like technological interfaces and technical libraries, etc.Operational systems This is the layer that contains technical patte rns, data models, and data repository, etc.The following are the vertical layers of SOA framework which are applied to and supported by the horizontal ones:Integration layer This layer consists of protocol support or platform integration, data integration, application and service integration, etc.Quality of service The factors that comprise of the quality of service include availability, security, performance and others.Informational This layer mainly does the job of providing business related information.Governance This layer or IT strategy layer is governed by horizontal layers in order to reach capability, as well as operating model, as needed.SOA Implementation Framework (SOAIF)SOA implementation needs and requires run-time infrastructural software as well as tools. This can be collectively referred to as service-oriented architecture implementation framework or SOAIF. This concept aims for a comprehensive framework that offers all kinds of technology which a business may re quire to not only build but also run SOA. An SOAIF consists of and includes both run-time and design-time capabilities. It also includes software functionality that a company may need to run an SOA and also build it, including service-oriented:ModelingIntegrationToolsManagementSecurityProcessesApproaches to SOAThere are three major types or methods or approaches that have been emerging for club information, disparate and systems in a business. As different service providers and businesses race towards providing solutions to customers and consumers, these approaches help to meet the requirements for coarse-grained, loosely clubbed and asynchronous services.1.     The Enterprise Service BusThe first approach that helps to build and implement an optimal SOA is the enterprise service bus or ESB. This approach helps to coordinate and arrange the different elements that are in the form of distributed services on a network. This approach considers the systems to be discrete and distributed services that connect to one another through message oriented infrastructure that is asynchronous. This kind of a message-oriented infrastructure makes it possible to have loosely coupled connections between independent services or modules.2.     Business Process ManagementMany companies, for many years now, have tried to solve business process problems by the implementation of Business Process Management approach. This approach takes into consideration the IT assets and systems as activities or tasks that participate in well synchronized and well-orchestrated business procedures.     BPM tools are mainly used at the time of modeling and designing procedures rather than using them to construct processes that can reach integration objectives. This is the main challenge of BPM. By BPM solutions on their own are enough to meet SOA requirements because they do not consist of the runtime environment that is needed for loosely coupled modules.3.     Service Oriented IntegrationThe third and the last approach to proper implementation of SOA is the service-oriented integration approach. This particular approach makes use of the architectural guiding rules or principles to build an environment or ecosystem of services that businesses can combine dynamically and create superior level processes that can meet ever changing and evolving requirements. This approach moves past tightly coupled and brittle modules by creating a distinction between the consumer and producer of a service. It thus imposes the aspect of loose coupling that is needed to implement SOA properly to meet business requirements. Even this approach by itself isn’t sufficient to guarantee long time running interactions between services.The Best practices for building an SOAWhile building an SOA, one must follow some of the best and most advantages practices. These practices are given as follows:Implementation technologies are much hyped, and one must remember not to jump to them because of their popular ity. One must consider carefully whether or not the web services make more sense for their requirement and need. It is important to remember that building service-oriented applications by making use of technologies like RMI may be more suitable for a business’s case rather than web services.One must remember not to create or build very tightly linked or coupled modules as this leads to a brittle set up or infrastructure.It is important to maintain interoperability and for these, one must follow the WS-I best practices.If you don’t see any sense in using web services, then there are many other alternative options as well which can be chosen.

How to Synthesize Ferrofluid (Liquid Magnets)

Personal Narrative Reflection Paper - 1526 Words

As I sat in the courthouse, I observed my surroundings, and asked myself why I was here. My mother was in the courtroom along with my dad arguing: who deserved guardianship and how much child support should be paid.(Citations) I contorted myself in a chair and waited for what seemed like an eternity for the judge to summon me. â€Å"Tick Tock† overtook the room due to the clock. I did not realize how long I had been sitting there, and I was soon in the courtroom. I timidly entered into the wood-filled room, and I spotted my dad’s first cousin, Court Poore, and looked around for another familiar face. I sighted an unknown face, which I realized was my mother s lawyer. Then I noticed a judge, with a black like cloth draped over his body, perched†¦show more content†¦It is stated in â€Å"In the Courtroom: Who Does What?† that the court reporter sits near the witness stand in the courtroom and records everything that is said during the trial (or introduced into evidence) by typing it on a stenographic machine. (In the Courtroom: Who Does What?). I began to utter, â€Å"My father and I do not have the best relationship. Once he got shot he completely changed: his parenting skills, his views on life, his love for god, and his girlfriend.† â€Å"What do you mean by that Ms. Halterman?† â€Å"He is not the dad he once was. The years before he got shot I could not have asked for a better father. He never missed anything of mine: practices, games, ceremonies, anything you name it and he was there. My mom on the other hand was never there, ever. I never looked for my mom in the stands because I knew she would not be there, but I knew my dad would be. I was once a â€Å"daddy’s girl†, but now I am a â€Å"Mommy’s Girl†Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"What do you think changed that other than him getting shot?† With a shaky voice I answered, â€Å"The guy I chose to date.† With confusion, â€Å"What do you mean Ms. Halterman.† I sat there and flashbacks started to overcrowd my brain. From the time we were running around the back yard playing ball to him screaming, â€Å"You might as well be dead to me. I have washed my hands with you. Get out of my house!† With an unstable voice I said, â€Å"I dated a guy a different race than me. My father did notShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative Reflection Paper1234 Words   |  5 Pagesrelated crises (AKA the millions of times I left papers till the last minute), my time belonged to the first years. When I took the job, I knew that was the commitment I was making. And honestly, I loved the job. I loved it so much that I’m doing it again my third year, but as a full-blown RA this time. 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Following are some tools to help you structure your personal narrative, breaking it down into parts. The â€Å"Hook† Start your paper with a statement about your story that catches the reader’s attention, for example: a relevant quotation, question, factRead MoreEng 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper836 Words   |  4 PagesENG 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/eng-225/eng-225-week-5-film-critique-final-paper/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com ENG 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper Focus of the Final Film Critique Throughout this course, you have been compiling a blog and writing essays that analyze various elements of film such as theme, cinematic techniques, and genre. 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Invertebrate Questions True/False Indicate Free Essays

Invertebrate Questions True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____1. The acute senses of arthropods are the result of organs such as compound eyes and antennae. We will write a custom essay sample on Invertebrate Questions True/False Indicate or any similar topic only for you Order Now ____2. Arthropods have a well-developed excretory system consisting of nephridia. ____3. The well-developed arthropod nervous system consists of a double ventral nerve cord, an anterior brain, and several ganglia. ____4. Efficient gas exchange in arthropods is accomplished by tracheal tubes, book lungs, or gills. ____5. The exoskeleton is a protective adaptation that enables arthropods to move freely. ____6. Jointed appendages are advantageous because they are limited in their strength and functions. ____7. In arthropods, appendages are adapted for a variety of purposes including sensing, walking, feeding, and mating. ____8. The exoskeleton of arthropods is harder and provides more protection than the cuticle of annelids. Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____9. Roundworms are have one body opening. _________________________ ____10. All roundworms are parasites. _________________________ ____11. Trichinella can be ingested in raw or undercooked pork. _________________________ ____12. Pinworms are the most common parasites in children living in the United States. _________________________ ____13. Hookworms can be contracted by eating improperly cooked infected pork. _________________________ ____14. The most complex and most recently evolved mollusks are gastropods. _________________________ ____15. Earthworms are hermaphrodites because each worm produces both eggs and sperm. _________________________ ____16. The respiratory organs in aquatic gastropods are primitive lungs. _________________________ ____17. Gastropods have two shells. _________________________ ____18. The excretory structures in mollusks are called nephridia. _________________________ ____19. Bivalves obtain food by predation. _________________________ ____20. In shelled mollusks, the radula secretes the shell. _________________________ Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____21. Animals with bilateral symmetry find food and mates and avoid predators more efficiently because they have _____. a. |body cavities|c. |tails| b. |more muscular control|d. |the ability to see in all directions| ____22. Which of these animals has bilateral symmetry? a. |sponge|c. |jellyfish| b. |hydra|d. |flatworm| ____23. What type of symmetry does a penny have? a. |bilateral symmetry|c. |no symmetry| b. |radial symmetry|d. |biaxial symmetry| ____24. Which of the following applies to a sponge? a. |intracellular digestion|c. |bilateral symmetry| b. |has a gastrula stage|d. |develops three embryonic layers| ____25. The animal’s digestive tract forms from the _____. a. |endoderm|c. |ectoderm| b. |mesoderm|d. |protostome| ____26. The embryo layer that forms the skin and nervous tissue is the _____. a. |endoderm|c. |ectoderm| b. |mesoderm|d. |protostome| Figure 25-2 ____27. In Figure 25-2, where is the ectoderm? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____28. In Figure 25-2, where is the endoderm? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____29. In Figure 25-2, where is the mesoderm? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____30. In Figure 25-2, where is the gastrula? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____31. In Figure 25-2, if part A develops into a mouth, this organism will be a _____. a. |protosome|c. |autosome| b. |deuterosome|d. |autotroph| Figure 25-3 ____32. Which of the organisms in Figure 25-3 is asymmetrical? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____33. Which of the organisms in Figure 25-3 probably has the most muscular control? . |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____34. Which of the organisms in Figure 25-3 has the most complex systems developed from coelom? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____35. Which of the organisms in Figure 25-3 has bilateral symmetry but no endoskeleton? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____36. Nematocysts discharge when _____. a. |salt concentration in the ocean drops|c. |a cnida rian regenerates| b. |tentacles touch a source of food|d. |cnidarians reproduce| ____37. A Portuguese man-of-war is an example of _____. a. |an anthozoan|c. |a hydrozoan colony| b. |a large scyphozoan|d. |a sea anemone| ____38. Uncooked or undercooked pork may contain _____. . |trichina worms|c. |pinworms| b. |hookworms|d. |free-living roundworms| ____39. In a cnidarian, digestion occurs in the _____. a. |proglottids|c. |digestive tract| b. |gastrovascular cavity|d. |tentacles| ____40. A _____ has a muscular tube called the pharynx, which can be extended outside its body to suck in food. a. |jellyfish|c. |planarian| b. |sponge|d. |tapeworm| ____41. A group of cnidarians that provide food and shelter for many kinds of animals are the _____. a. |jellyfishes|c. |sea anemones| b. |hydras|d. |corals| ____42. Because sponges are sessile, they get their food through _____. a. |scavenging the seafloor|c. the spicules| b. |filter feeding|d. |tentacles| ____43. The collar cells of sponges are similar to _____. a. |flagellated protists|c. |ciliated paramecia| b. |amoebas|d. |sessile sporozoans| Figure 26-2 ____44. Which structure shown in Figure 26-2 analogous to an anus? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____45. In Figure 26-2, how did the structure labeled A develop? a. |fertilization by sperm|c. |asexually by budding| b. |fragmentation|d. |formation of gametes| Figure 26-3 ____46. How are the two organisms shown in Figure 26-3 different? a. |A is a cnidarian and B is not|c. |only B is poisonous| b. |A moves but B doesn’t|d. A is a medusa and B is a polyp colony| ____47. Which of the two organisms shown in Figure 26-3 releases gametes? a. |A|c. |both| b. |B|d. |neither| Figure 26-4 ____48. Which organism shown in Figure 26-4 does not have hooks and suckers on its mouth? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____49. Which organism shown in Figure 26-4 is a parasite that requires two hosts? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____50. Which organism shown in Figure 26-4 is of a phylum that can infect plants? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____51. What can be inferred from Figure 26-5? Roundworm Infections| Number of Cases|Low Temperature|Day| 300|60|1| 295|58|5| 290|55|10| 20|51|15| 303|55|20| 295|45|25| 15|25|30| Figure 26-5 a. |this species of roundworm cannot survive outside hosts at 25 degrees| b. |this species of roundworm is widespread| c. |this species of roundworm does not flourish in warm weather| d. |this species of roundworm becomes dormant in warm weather| Figure 27-2 ____52. Which shell shown in Figure 27-2 is from the most recently evolved organism? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |none of them| ____53. Which shell shown in Figure 27-2 is from a bivalve? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |none of them| ____54. Which shell shown in Figure 27-2 came from a stomach-footed mollusk? a. |A|c. |C| b. B|d. |none of them| ____55. Which shell shown in Figure 27-2 came from a mollusk that uses jellyfish nematocysts for protection? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |none of them| Figure 27-3 ____56. Which pa rt of the squid shown in Figure 27-3 is analogous to a snail’s shell? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____57. Which part of the squid shown in Figure 27-3 is the foot? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| . Figure 27-4 ____58. In the earthworm shown in Figure 27-4, what part is analogous to the stomach in humans? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____59. In the earthworm shown in Figure 27-4, what part is analagous to the central nervous system in humans? . |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____60. In the earthworm shown in Figure 27-4, what part is analagous to the throat in humans? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____61. In the earthworm shown in Figure 27-4, what part is analogous to the kidneys in humans? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| Figure 27-5 ____62. According to Figure 27-5, which phylum evolved first? a. |annelids|c. |nematodes| b. |bivalves|d. |planaria| ____63. According to Figure 27-5, which phylum are annelids closest to on an evolutionary scale? a. |bivalves|c. |nematodes| b. |gastropods|d. |cestodes| ____ 64. Grasshoppers have _____. a. |two compound eyes and three simple eyes| . |three compound eyes and two simple eyes| c. |two compound eyes and two simple eyes| d. |none of these| ____65. The stages of incomplete metamorphosis are _____. a. |egg, larva, pupa, adult|c. |egg, larva, adult| b. |larva, pupa, adult|d. |egg, nymph, adult| ____66. Crabs, lobsters, shrimps, and pill bugs are members of the class _____. a. |Insecta|c. |Crustacea| b. |Chilopoda|d. |Arachnida| ____67. The typical tick body consists of _____ segment(s). a. |one|c. |three| b. |two|d. |four| ____68. Most insects have one pair of _____ that are used to sense vibrations, food, and pheromones in the environment. a. pedipalps|c. |antennae| b. |wings|d. |eyes| ____69. In spiders, the exchange of gases takes place in _____. a. |book lungs|c. |gills| b. |lungs|d. |spiracles| ____70. When a spider bites, it uses its _____. a. |chelicerae|c. |pedipalps| b. |mandibles|d. |silk glands| ____71. How many pairs of jointed appe ndages do arachnids have? a. |two|c. |three| b. |four|d. |six| ____72. Aquatic arthropods exchange gases through _____. a. |tracheal tubes|c. |their exoskeleton| b. |gills|d. |book lungs| ____73. Before an arthropod molts, a new exoskeleton _____. a. |grows on top of its old one|c. |cannot grow| b. |must be found|d. grows beneath its old one| ____74. The characteristic that most distinguishes arthropods from other invertebrates is _____. a. |the coelom|c. |jointed appendages| b. |the endoskeleton|d. |bilateral symmetry| ____75. What clue tells you immediately that the organism shown in Figure 28-2 is not an arthropod? Figure 28-2 a. |it has no jointed appendages|c. |it has no open circulation system| b. |it has no exoskeleton|d. |it is warm blooded| ____76. What clue tells you immediately that the organism shown in Figure 28-3 is not an arthropod? Figure 28-3 a. |it has no jointed appendages|c. |it doesn’t molt| b. |it has more than 6 legs|d. it cannot fly| ____77. What clue tells you immediately that the organism shown in Figure 28-4 is not an arthropod? Figure 28-4 a. |its gas exchange is inefficient|c. |it has no endoskeleton| b. |there are too many segments|d. |it has no jointed appendages| ____78. No one has ever seen a living trilobite. From this fossil picture in Figure 28-5, how can you tell it was an arthropod? Figure 28-5 a. |it molted|c. |it had segments| b. |it produced asexually|d. |it had Malpighian tubules| Figure 28-6 ____79. What type of metamorphosis is shown in Figure 28-6? a. |partial|c. |incomplete| b. |complete|d. |nymph| ____80. What stages of metamorphosis shown in Figure 28-6 have no exoskeleton? a. |A and B|c. |C and D| b. |B and C|d. |A and C| ____81. What stage of metamorphosis shown in Figure 28-6 does the most eating take place? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____82. What stage of metamorphosis shown in Figure 28-6 contains the youngest organism? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____83. In what stage of metamorphosis shown in Figure 28-6 does the organism have recognizable insect characteristics like three segments and jointed appendages? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____84. What stage of metamorphosis shown in Figure 28-6 has characteristics of chilopoda and diplopoda? . |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____85. The type of symmetry found in all adult echinoderms is _____. a. |horizontal|c. |bilateral| b. |radial|d. |regional| ____86. An animal that retains its chordate features throughout life is the _____. a. |seastar|c. |sea squirt| b. |sand dollar|d. |lancelet| ____87. A seastar can hold tightly to the surface it is touch ing because of the _____. a. |sieve in the madreporite|c. |suction in the tube feet| b. |endoskeleton|d. |eyespots| Figure 29-3 ____88. Identify the notochord in Figure 29-3. a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| ____89. The notochord shown in Figure 29-3 is surrounded on two sides by what? a. endoderm|c. |exoderm| b. |ectoderm|d. |mesoderm| ____90. Which structure in Figure 29-4 is a characteristic only chordates have? Figure 29-4 a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |D| Figure 29-5 ____91. Where is the dorsal nerve cord in Figure 29-5? a. |within the tunic|c. |along the heart and circulatory system| b. |surrounding the pharynx|d. |it disappeared after the larval stage| ____92. What structure shown in the adult sea squirt in Figure 29-5 indicates it’s a chordate? a. |gill slits|c. |heart| b. |anus|d. |ciliated grooves| Completion Complete each statement. 93. A tapeworm has its reproductive organs in segments called ____________________. 4. A(n) ____________________ is the sexual form of a cnidarian th at has a body form like an umbrella with tentacles hanging down. 95. A(n) ____________________ is the tube-shaped body form with a mouth surrounded by tentacles, which serves as the asexual stage in some cnidarians. 96. Sponges are considered ____________________ because an individual sponge can produce both eggs and sperm. 97. In ____________________, eggs remain inside the animal’s body and sperm are carried to the eggs. 98. In ____________________, fertilization occurs outside the animal’s body after eggs and sperm are released. 99. A parasitic tapeworm has a knob-shaped head, called a(n) ____________________, by which the worm attaches itself to the host’s intestinal wall. 100. During feeding, planarians extend a tubelike, muscular organ, called the ____________________, out of their mouths. 101. Digestion in cnidarians takes place in the _________________________. 102. Cnidarians capture prey by means of ____________________, which are coiled, threadlike tubes that are sticky or barbed or that contain toxins. 103. Sponges get their food by ____________________, in which small particles of food are removed from the water during passage through a part of their body. 04. An animal whose blood moves throughout its body within blood vessels has a(n) _________________________. 105. The ____________________ is a tongue-like organ with rows of teeth that is used by gastropods to scrape, grate, or cut food. 106. You dissect an animal and observe pools of blood surrounding its internal organs. This animal has a(n ) _________________________. 107. The excretory structures that remove metabolic wastes from the bodies of animals such as mollusks and annelids are called ____________________. 108. In bivalves, the ____________________ expels large particles, sediment, and anything esle rejected through the excurrent siphon. 109. Annelids have a digestive organ called a(n) ____________________ that grinds organic matter, or food, into small pieces so that it can be absorbed as it passes through the animal’s intestine. 110. Jawlike appendages called ____________________ are modified spines found on seastars. 111. In chordates, the _________________________ is a bundle of nerves housed in a fluid-filled canal that lies above the notochord. 112. The ____________________ is a semirigid, rodlike structure in chordates that becomes a backbone in vertebrates. 113. The _________________________ regulates locomotion, gas exchange, food capture, and excretion for an echinoderm. 114. The long, spine-covered, tapered arms of seastars are called ____________________. 115. The ____________________ is a round, muscular structure that is located on the opposite end from the suction cup on the tube feet. 116. The ____________________, paired openings located in the pharynx behind the mouth, are present only during embryonic development in some chordates. 117. The sievelike, disc-shaped opening in an echinoderm’s body through which water enters and leaves is called the ____________________. 118. Echinoderms have ____________________, which are hollow, thin-walled structures that each have a suction cup on the end. 119. The heart of the sea squirt is unusual because it pumps blood in one direction for several minutes and then ____________________. 120. Adult sea squirts retain only their ____________________ as indicators of their chordate relationship. 121. ____________________ are small, baglike filter feeders that are covered with a tough layer of tissue called a tunic. 22. ____________________ can swim freely in the water, but these filter feeders spend most of their time buried in the sand with only their heads sticking out. 123. The paired openings located in the throat behind the mouth in chordates are known as ____________________. 124. The earliest echinoderms in the fossil record had ____________________ symmetry. 125. Some chordate adults are sessile, while all the larvae are ____________________. 126. Larval forms of tunicates have ____________________ symmetry. Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. |deuterostome|h. |protostome| . |coelom|i. |acoelomate| c. |ectoderm|j. |endoderm| d. |mesoderm|k. |blastula| e. |sessile|l. |pseudocoelom| f. |gastrula|m. |bilateral symmetry| g. |radial symmetry| ____127. animal with a mouth that develops from the opening in the gastrula ____128. embryonic structure of an animal that consists of two cell layers ____129. describes organisms that don’t move from place to place ____130. body cavity partly lined with mesoderm, such as found in roundworms ____131. layer of cells lining the inner surface of the gastrula ____132. a fluid-filled body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm ____133. ody plan of an organism that can be divided down its length into right and left halves that form mirror images ____134. layer of cells on the outer s urface of the gastrula ____135. animal in which the mouth does not develop from the gastrula’s opening ____136. single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled space that forms during early development ____137. animal that has three cell layers, with a digestive tract but no body cavities ____138. body plan of an organism that can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into roughly equal halves ____139. third cell layer formed in the developing embryo Match each item with the correct statement below. a. |bilateral symmetry| b. |radial symmetry| c. |one opening in digestive tract| d. |openings at either end of digestive tract| e. |filtering| f. |tentacles| g. |swimming| ____140. used for obtaining food in fishes ____141. used to obtain food in sponges ____142. used for obtaining food in corals ____143. digestive tract of flatworms ____144. digestive tract of earthworms ____145. body plan of starfishes ____146. body plan of a fish Match each item with the correct statement(s) below. a. |leech|c. |mollusk| b. |fan worm|d. |earthworm| ____147. gizzard grinds organic matter ___148. may eat only once every few months ____149. traps food in the mucus on its â€Å"fans† ____150. burrows through soil providing aeration and fertilizer ____151. external parasite ____152. disturbances in water causes organism to withdraw inside tube ____153. muscular foot ____154. mantle Match each item with the correct statement below. a. |mandible|g. |parthenogenesis| b. |appendage|h. |spiracles| c. |spinneret|i. |book lung| d. |pheromone|j. |cephalothorax| e. |tracheal tubes|k. |molting| f. |Malpighian tubule| ____155. movable structure used by a spider to turn silk into thread ____156. jaw of an arthropod ___157. shedding of the old exoskeleton ____158. chamber that contains leaflike plates that serve for gas exchange ____159. excretory organ of terrestrial arthropods ____160. fused head and thorax region in some arthropods ____161. any structure, such as a leg, that grows out of the body of an animal ____162. openings through which air enters and leaves the tracheal tubes ____163. form of asexual reproduction in which an organism develops from an unfertilized egg ____164. chemical odor signal given off by an animal ____165. branching networks of hollow passages that carry air throughout the body Short Answer 166. Identify each location on the drawing of the flatworm in Figure 25-1. Figure 25-1 167. What types of body plans do flatworms, roundworms, and earthworms have? Compare the efficiency of locomotion of the three groups of worms and describe how their movement is dependent on their body plans. 168. How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom? 169. Why are acoelomate animals so small? 170. Animals with coeloms have more complex organ systems and behavior than animals without coeloms. Explain how a coelom enables more complex organ systems and behavior to develop. 171. Briefly identify the three cell layers formed during embryonic development, and give examples of the body organs and tissues that each layer gives rise to. 172. What are the early stages of development from zygote to gastrula? 173. How do the structures of the digestive tracts of a flatworm and an earthworm differ? 174. In what way does a sponge qualify as a heterotroph? 175. What are the main characteristics of an animal? Animal|Body Mass Moved|mL O2 Required per1 g of Body Mass| Mouse|10 g|4. 00 mL| Kangaroo rat|45 g|2. 00 mL| Ground squirrel|140 g|0. 80 mL| Dog|13 kg|0. 40 mL| Horse|500 kg|0. 04 mL| Table 25-1 176. Where in Table 25-1 do you think a 90-kg human adult would fall? Estimate about how many mL of O2 the human would require per 1 g of body mass. 177. After studying Table 25-1, what generalization can you make about the amount of oxygen used by animals of different body mass? 178. How many mL of O2 would a mouse require in all? Refer to Table 25-1. 179. How many mL of O2 does a kangaroo rat require per 1 g of body mass? Refer to Table 25-1. The scientific team you are working with wishes to demonstrate that animals become more efficient in interacting with their external environment when the body plan that evolved included bilateral symmetry. You have chosen to work with mealworms, the larvae of grain beetles (Tenebrio molitor). 180. Hypothesize what would happen if you were to provide the mealworm with a vertical pane or wall on both its left and right sides. 181. How could you prove that mealworms are equally sensitive on both the right and left sides of their body? 182. Plan an experiment to prove your hypothesis. 183. You watch the mealworms moving along the sides of the box in which they are housed. State which factors other than the body plan of the mealworms might affect their behavior. 184. Put the following terms in order to show the structures through which water enters and passes through a sponge: collar cells, osculum, pore cells. 185. What tapeworm adaptations enable them to live in intestines? 186. Imagine that you are presented with a cnidarian. The animal is small, lives in freshwater, and appears to have tentacles around a columnar body. As you watch, the animal catches a daphnia. Into which cnidarian class would you place this animal? 187. If you were to go snorkeling, would you be able to find all the classes of cnidarians in one place? Why or why not? 188. Make a list of simple things people could do to prevent infection by parasitic worms. 189. How do parasitic roundworms keep from being digested by their host organisms? 190. The body of the planarian is an advance over the cnidarian body. Explain. 191. How is the jellyfish’s reproductive cycle an example of alternation of generations? 192. How is a sponge’s food-gathering technique adapted to its sessile lifestyle? 193. Hypothesize why medusae that live in the midwaters where bioluminescent prey are abundant have dark pigmentation. 194. What advantage is there to the extracellular digestion of cnidarians over the intracellular digestion of sponges? 195. When you see a sponge passed through a sieve and separated into cells, you may think a sponge is simply a colony of individual cells. What makes you realize that it is more than this? 196. A biologist places a single, live sponge in a saltwater tank. After several weeks, the biologist observes other, smaller sponges living in the tank. Because the biologist is certain that no other sponge was introduced into the tank, what other explanation could you provide to explain the observation? In an experiment about possible factors that cause the differentiation and growth of cells in hydra larvae, a proportion-altering factor (PAF) was discovered and isolated in a specific colonial cnidarian known as Eudendrium sp. In the experiment, hydra larvae were placed in solutions: one with 10 drops of PAF/mL of water, one with 15 drops, one with 20 drops, one with 30 drops, and a control solution. The experiment showed that PAF factor caused parts of the hydra to grow out of normal proportions. Table 26-2 and Figure 26-1 show the differences in tentacle development that result from varying concentrations of PAF. Study the illustration and the table and answer the questions that follow. Amount of PAF|Number of Hydras| (drops/10 mLof water)|tentaclesnear mouth|tentaclesnear base|no tentaclesformed| 0|197|0|0| 10|90|119|0| 15|74|130|5| 20|30|145|26| 30|0|160|44| Table 26-2 Figure 26-1 197. What conclusions can you draw from the results shown in Table 26-2? 198. Refer to Figure 26-1. After 48 hours, most of the hydras treated with 30 drops of PAF/10 mL of water looked like polyp B, but some looked like polyp C. Describe the hydras that looked like polyp C. 199. After 48 hours, hydras from the control group in Figure 26-1 looked like polyp A in the figure; most hydras from the 15-drop solution looked like polyp B. How does polyp A differ from polyp B? 200. What was the control in the experiment? Refer to Figure 26-1. 201. Identify each numbered part of the earthworm shown in the diagram in Figure 27-1, using the letter of each appropriate term: A. ventral nerve cord, B. setae, C. simple brain, D. hearts, E. blood vessels, F. gizzard. Figure 27-1 202. Explain how the various segmented worms obtain food. 203. Describe the body of a leech. In what way do the leech’s adaptations make it suited for its niche? 204. List and give examples of the three major classes of segmented worms. 205. How do sea slugs improve their survival opportunities by feeding on jellyfishes? 206. What is the role of the radula? 207. What are some of the functions of the mantle in mollusks? 208. What adaptations help the octopus and the squid escape their predators? 209. Suppose you are given an unknown mollusk to identify. The specimen does not have a shell. How could you decide whether the mollusk is an unshelled gastropod or a cephalopod? 10. The Greek philosopher Aristotle called worms â€Å"the intestines of the soil. † What did he mean? 211. An oyster produces a natural pearl when a parasite or a bit of sand lodges between the shell and the mantle. The oyster then grows layers of pearl around the foreign body. What is the advantage of pearl making to the oyster? 212. Most cephalopods have eyes that are remarkably like vertebra te eyes and fully capable of forming a good image. However, the cephalopod eye develops wholly from the surface ectoderm, whereas the vertebrate eye develops from the neural tube. What does this information indicate about whether or not the vertebrate eye evolved from the cephalopod eye? Alvin, a submersible vehicle used by oceanographers to study the ocean floor, has also proved invaluable in studying populations of deep-sea mollusks and segmented tube worms. The invertebrates in question live where hot seawater circulates through cracks in the ocean floor called deep-sea vents. Suppose that you are an invertebrate biologist studying these animals. Your studies show that clams that live near the vents may grow as much as 3. 8 cm per year—far more rapidly than other deep-water clams. 213. Some researchers have hypothesized that life may have begun at deep-sea vents. Why might this be? 214. Segmented tube worms that live near the vents grow to lengths of 1. 5 m in contrast to the growth of related tube worms living in other environments, whose growth is measured only in centimeters at most. You hypothesize that the food that the worms eat is more abundant at the vents. When you collect samples of the worms, you discover that they have no mouth or other means of taking in food. Hypothesize how the tube worms are obtaining nutrients. 215. Suppose your data show that the temperature is the same in samples aken close to the vents and some distance away from the vents. However, the size of the clams is smaller the farther they are from the vents. What would this indicate? 216. Plan an experiment to prove your hypothesis. 217. Compare and contrast chelicerae and pedipalps. 218. Compare and contrast simple eye and compound eye. 219. When natural disasters strike natural areas , often the only animals to survive are the insects. Explain why this might happen. 220. How does living in colonies contribute to the survival of bees? 221. Describe an insect that has adapted to a windy, dry climate. Explain its adaptations. 222. It is believed that arthropods evolved from the annelids. What differences, present in the arthropod structure, make arthropods better adapted to their environment? 223. How do web-spinning spiders create their webs? 224. How do compound eyes aid arthropods? 225. What are four uses of the jointed appendages of arthropods? Give examples. 226. How are insects adapted to living on land? 227. Suppose a new species of insect is introduced into an area as a natural control to rid the area of other insect pests. What are some possible advantages and disadvantages of doing this? 228. Many barnacles live on rocks in the ocean and strain plankton from the water. Other barnacles that also feed on plankton live on the backs of gray whales. Which group do you think has better feeding opportunities, those on rocks or those on whales? 229. Why do arthropods lack muscle strength after molting? 230. How are their different modes of feeding reflected in the mouthparts of insects? 231. Fossils reveal that the horseshoe crab has remained almost unchanged for 500 million years. Why would an arthropod such as the horseshoe crab fail to evolve? What can you infer about the rate of change of its seaside environment? Many invertebrates, from hydrozoans to mollusks and arthropods, have specialized sense organs for monitoring gravity. This sensitivity is related to their sense of equilibrium. Arthropods can sense when they are upright and when they are turned over. The organ that senses changes with respect to gravity is the statocyst, located at the base of each antennule of the crayfish. A statocyst is a chamber that contains sensory neurons with hairlike fibers and a solid mass of sand grains or hardened calcium salts, shown in Figure 28-1. These grains push against the hair cells, which then trigger signals in associated sensory neurons. Figure 28-1 232. Hypothesize how the statocyst functions to keep a crayfish upright. Refer to Figure 28-1. 233. What could scientists do if their hypothesis were not supported by the data? Refer to Figure 28-1. 234. Referring to Figure 28-1, what would be the control in the experiment? 235. Write the names of the structures that make up the water vascular system in the order in which water passes through them. 236. Figure 29-1 shows the labeled parts of the water vascular system of a seastar. Match each of the following terms with the labels: tube foot, ring canal, radial canal, madreporite, ampulla. Figure 29-1 237. If you found a small animal on the beach and noted that it had gill slits, muscle blocks, and a dorsal nerve cord, what else would you need to know to distinguish whether it was an invertebrate chordate or a vertebrate? 238. The larval stage of echinoderms is bilateral, even though the adult is radial. How do scientists know that adult echinoderms were once bilaterally symmetrical? How is this important? 239. Describe the process whereby a seastar feeds on a clam. 240. Why are echinoderms thought to be related to chordates? 241. Describe the nervous system of echinoderms. 242. What are the functions of the water vascular system? 243. Describe two characteristics that set echinoderms apart from other organisms in the animal kingdom. Problem 244. Complete Table 26-1. |Coelom|Body Shape|Movement|# Body Openings| Flatworm||||| Roundworm||||| Table 26-1 Sand dollars have a system of food grooves on their ventral surface. When a thin veneer of food-containing sediment passes over their dorsal surface, fine particles of food in the sediment drop between the spines on the surface and are carried to the ventral surface. Once on the ventral surface, the fine matter passes to the food grooves. There, choice bits of detritus are captured by the tube feet, which border the grooves, and are helped along to the mouth. Suppose that you are a taxonomist confronted with the task of determining the relationship among several families of the order Clypeasteroida, to which the sand dollars belong. You have many fossil sand dollars and are studying the differences in the arrangement of their food grooves. Refer to the diagrams in Figure 29-2. Figure 29-2 245. Which characteristic of the food grooves seems to have survived variations in the sand dollars’ environment? Refer to Figure 29-2. 246. Why would taxonomists use food grooves to trace the evolution of sand dollars? See Figure 29-2. 247. Hypothesize about the advantage of food grooves on the ventral side of sand dollars. Refer to Figure 29-2. 248. Using Figure 29-2, explain which families were easiest to place in side branches that did not further evolve. 249. What characteristic did you use to establish where to place the Mellitidae? Use Figure 29-2. 250. Which families in Figure 29-2 were most difficult to place? Explain. How to cite Invertebrate Questions True/False Indicate, Essay examples

Bruneian Education System Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.How much progress has been made on Bruneian education since it joined UNESCO in 2005? 2.How do the current priorities in the Bruneian education system compare to international benchmarks? 3.What should be the focus and priority for Bruneis education system now? Answers: 1. After joining the UNESCO, the education system of Brunei has developed a lot and the education ministry notes every process of Brunei education by keeping an eye over the issues. The ministry does this to avoid every issues that can hamper the education process of Brunei. The education system of Brunei has gone through a rapid change in the past 12 years and due to that, the system celebrated its 100 years completion in the current year. (Koay 2014). 2. The education ministry of Brunei implemented a plan in 2012 for a five years span until the year of 2017. The ministry intends to put a strong pressure on the education framework for improving the structure and quality concern of the system. Along with that, they have an aim to implement more development that will lead to restructuring of the technical and vocational education. The Brunei education system implements many policies that provide more clarity to the system (Young et al 2017). 3. The focus of the education system of Brunei is to progress towards making the country a successful and sustainable economic place until the year of 2035. This also involves the worldwide raising of the students on an international basis by expand their data collection and analysis method for bringing more clarity in the system (Sercombe and Tupas 2014). References: Koay, T.L., 2014. Inclusion in Brunei Darussalam: the role of teacher education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 18(10), pp.1029-1037. Sercombe, P. and Tupas, R. eds., 2014. Language, education and nation-building: Assimilation and shift in Southeast Asia. Springer. Young, A., Norhazlin, P.G., Muhammad, P.G.H.J., Bakar, O., O'Leary, P. and Abdalla, M., 2017. Children in Brunei Darussalam: Their Educational, Legal and Social Protections. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 11, p.6.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Working Abroad Essay Essay Example

Advantages and Disadvantages of Working Abroad Essay Paper Working Abroad Essay Nowadays we are driving cars from South Korea, wearing clothing designed in the U.S. and manufactured in Taiwan. Today firms have not all their facilities, such as: research, development, production, distribution, and so on in one country. The reason for this is the growing globalization. Consequently, employees have to be mobile, have to admit working overseas. This essay will discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of those employees who work abroad. Disadvantages of working abroad The disadvantages are numerous. For example, there are countries where you are not allowed to drink alcohol, to walk hand-in-hand with your wife or girlfriend or even to eat meat from a pork or a cow, such as Iran, Iraq, and so on. Another disadvantage is the clothing. In most Islamic countries, people have to cover their arms and legs, so shorts and T-shirt for men or tops and hot pants for women can cause offence. If you are not aware of the local religious circumstances, you can make big mistakes and get into big trouble. If you are travelling on your own to a foreign country to find a job, you can run out of funds that can force you to return home. If you are not finding immediately new friends, crisis can even seem more severe, than at home with the help of friends or family. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of Working Abroad Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of Working Abroad Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of Working Abroad Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Other disadvantages include getting used to bureaucracy. The financial circumstances are also very important: maybe you have to pay higher taxes or you need a special health care insurance. In some countries, the weather could be even worse than in Vietnam. In other countries you are not allowed to go out in dusk because of unsafe political-circumstances, racism or terrorism. Some other facts that depend on the country and personality of a person who works abroad are the different life conditions, the different social behaviors, and the different working times, for example, in Dubai, it is common to work from 8 am to 1 pm, and 4 pm to 8 pm with an afternoon siesta break and the standard working week is from Saturday to Wednesday with a Thursday and Friday weekend. Advantages of working abroad On the other hand, there are advantages to work abroad. Working abroad can improve one’s language skills, which can come in handy if you apply for a job later, as well as gaining business experience in different countries. To sum these 2 points up: it is a positive item in the CV and you can gain credits in comparison to applicants who have not worked abroad. Moreover, you meet many different and interesting people, which can give you new opinions or even support you to do business or climbing up the social- and business-ladder. Another positive argument for working abroad is that you can work where other people spend their holidays, if you are working in a holiday country. For example, in the Middle East where becomes rapidly one of the most popular holiday destinations, not only because of the leisure activities like golf, water sports and horse riding, but also the temperature makes it possible to enjoy year round sunshine or the shopping facilities. Several firms offer their staff attractive fringe benefits for working away from home. For example, they offer two-way flights each year for their employees or include extracurricular activities at the host country to integrate the new employees from abroad. This brings me to my next advantage: you have to integrate into another multicultural society. This touches every point of daily life, such as: history, language, traditions, religion, arts and food. In conclusion, as the world becomes a global village, it is really no surprise that working abroad is becoming an increasingly attractive option. It brings advantages and disadvantages. Thus, according to each circumstance, everyone has to decide for his/her own if he or she wants to work abroad.

Classroom Essays

Classroom Essays Classroom Essay Classroom Essay Twenty-seven years of neo-conservative, corporatist economic policy has gutted the United States from within, bringing the nation to the brink of a collapse that will destroy democracy and replace it with an economic, imperialist kind of corporate and theocratic fascism. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the nation’s public schools. Thomas Jefferson fervently believed that a well-educated middle class was vital to the survival of democracy, which is something that Reagan conservatives knew all to well. Since 1980, there has been an unrelenting attack on the middle-class by a moneyed oligarchy that is determined to reduce a once powerful and much admired nation to the status of a third-rate banana republic where a few wealthy families live in luxury inside of walled enclaves by sucking the life-blood out of a huge, impoverished population of peasants. Nowhere have they been more successful in tearing down democracy than in the public schools. In her book, Inside Mrs. B’s Classroom, Leslie Baldacci – who in 1999 left a secure, prestigious position at the Chicago Sun-Times (now little more than a corporate propaganda mouthpiece for the Bush Administration, like most of today’s mainstream media) to teach in one of the â€Å"toughest† schools in   a severely impoverished inner-city neighbourhood. Ms. Baldacci, not surprisingly, was unaware of the neo-con agenda and political and economic machinations behind the nation’s educational crisis, but she could clearly see, and was an expert on the results – which are typical of any hyper-capitalist society that relentlessly steals wealth from those who work for it and hand it over to a bloated, predatory â€Å"investor† class. After years of calling upon civic leaders to do something about the problem, she decided to roll up her sleeves and do something about it herself, becoming a classroom teacher. Like many who go into the teaching profession today, she was motivated by admirable – if naà ¯ve – ideals and expectations. What she discovered is that her â€Å"classroom was just one deck chair on the Titanic†(2004, 5). The opening page is both a literal image and an allegory of the U.S. public school system: a â€Å"broken, gutted desk, its drawers long gone. Chairs in various states of disrepair and other junk†¦Pipes†¦taped and painted over in a pitiful attempt to contain the deadly asbestos that had insulated them for decades† (1). Baldacci pulls no punches as she describes in blood-curdling detail what amounts to a war zone from a third-world country – located in one of the richest cities in the wealthiest, more powerful nation on earth. Any true American reading through her account should feel shame, embarrassment and righteous outrage toward the self-serving, back-stabbing politicians who for thirty years have been nothing more than whores to a blood-sucking capitalist corporate machine that hates democracy, hates freedom and hates America far more than any militant Islamist – and is willing to destroy her so that CEOs and stockholders can live in lackadaisical luxury as children around them die for want of food and medical care, or kill each other over scraps .   The similarity between Baldacci’s images of her school and its South Side Chicago neighborhood and downtown Baghdad or Mogadishu are not unexpected. According to Baldacci, one-third of all new teachers quite after three years, and half quit after five (6). Others – â€Å"mavericks† – are invariably driven out.   The author displayed uncommon courage in taking the step she did, changing careers at midlife. She was not alone; many of her acquaintances made similar moves. What touches us about Baldacci was her motivation: she wanted to make a difference in a system that continues to be dismantled today by politicians who are hopelessly beholden to private, corporate interests. In becoming a teacher, she incurred a 33% reduction in pay in order to do a job that is highly stressful, thankless, and often downright dangerous. Teaching is a profession in which colleagues often will stab their fellows in the back out of jealousy; administrators act like monarchs; it is a profession in which one can be accused of wrongdoing and dismissed without ever knowing what the accusation was or being given an opportunity to de fend one’s self; simply an accusation of wrongdoing by a student – whether true or not – can destroy a career. Why did Baldacci ever decide to undertake such a job? She tells a colleague: â€Å"Because a voice called, and I answered† (53). Ultimately, Baldacci succeeds in the face of overcrowded classrooms, endless behaviour problems, a complete lack of faculty or administrative support (no surprise there) and a huge workload that would be the undoing of most mortals. After a time, she was able to reach these children, possibly because her journalism training had given her greater powers of observation, with the ability and willingness to â€Å"drill down,† and get the story behind the story. Assuming that Americans are able – or even willing – to take their country back from neo-con corporate fascists and the Christian Taliban who threaten the very foundations of our freedom, it is possible that, as resources are taken away from the parasite investor class and restored to society in order to provide for basic needs, teachers who work not from theory and a bunch of â€Å"methodology† drivel and psychobabble, but rather with their eyes, ears, hands and hearts – like Leslie Baldacci – will be instrumental in restoring the Jeffersonian Ideal – quality public education as the foundation of   a healthy, vibrant, functioning democracy.

Playboy Approaching Singapore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Playboy Approaching Singapore - Essay Example While I don’t need to go to Playboy to get the latest topics of interest, I also believe that individuals or a culture shouldn’t be prevented from doing so. While this shows a sense of respect to culture, it also creates a question of how much control should be created over media influences in a given country. By releasing the ban on Playboy, there is also the ability to open media statements that allow the public to gather information that is diverse and timely from a broader perspective. The ban of Playboy is only one of several media publications which don’t have room in the Singapore culture. I have found that the controls over the magazine are creating continuous debates from those who want to get closer to nudity and to organizations that want to keep the doors closed. The problem is one based on the ideology of out of bound markers, mostly which implies sexual, political, racial and religious issues which don’t have an ethical or cultural relationsh ip to the culture. Bans made in Singapore are implemented through the Media Development Authority (MDA), specifically which justifies what is shown through the media. The authority is a branch of the Singapore government and has created a standard for censorship policies to uphold values and ethics in relation to the concept of free expression (Gomez, 2000). While the government, authorities and culture of Singapore holds values through the banning of magazines, a larger issue is at hand with the decision not to provide Playboy in the culture. I believe that the issue is based on control over topics which may not be considered ethical or which may be controversial. If there isn’t a magazine like Playboy, then how will free expression from various topics be heard? The problem isn’t with nudity it is with individual interest and to undress different areas of freedom. I believe the government and the MDA become forces which stop freedom of expression, exploration or a dee per understanding of the news, media and knowledge understood to the world. The problem then relates to individuals who can’t explore the full depth of nudity and Playboy statements. I think it is time for the controls and forces from the government and media to come down in Singapore. There isn’t a true understanding of whether sexual expressions are also a lack of value within society. The content in Playboy is considered controversial because of the nudity of women and what this may imply. However, this may not be considered morally wrong by some and implies a freedom of expression. I think that with exposure, there is also expanded awareness, changing beliefs and the ability to understand new lifestyles. By censoring the media, an entire culture is deprived from this awareness. While the ban on Playboy in Singapore is created through the government and MDA as a censorship for values, it does not provide a complete interpretation for the needs of society. The statem ent made through the institutions is one created with the ideology that media and information should be controlled according to what the government believes the values should be. More important, there is a withholding of knowledge and information that may provide those in Singapore with a different understanding or meaning to life. By withholding any type of media, there is also a censorship of freedom in terms of expression and exploration of society. I believe that

Why It Is Important to Criminalize Possession of Cigarettes Research Paper

Why It Is Important to Criminalize Possession of Cigarettes - Research Paper Example Cigarettes were mass produced and advertisements were set up in every city. Cigarettes became incredibly popular. For much of this time, and certainly, in the late 20th century, cigarette companies became aware that their product was extremely dangerous and was causing cancer. They hid these facts from everyone. At the same time, independent medical practitioners were saying the same thing based on experience with their patients. It did not take a rocket scientist to realize that people could die from smoke inhalation. And yet the cigarette companies kept selling their products and deceiving the public. Cigarettes should have been banned then and there. Politicians should have stepped up to the plate for the Average Joe who w was suffering from cancer. Unfortunately, nothing happened. It is quite sad to see that the government has taken very little interest in an issue that has such a strong and clear ethical dimension. We elect our leader to stand up for what we believe is right. Ho wever, the American government was more interested in throwing people in prison for smoking marijuana than they were for arresting cigarettes executives who had perpetrated a massive, deadly fraud on the American people. This was truly shameful. But it is not too late to change things. Cigarettes should be banned. They are a severe poison and they should not be permitted to be sold in the marketplace. No government should permit companies to poison its people; even less so should companies be allowed to lie to both citizens and the government. Unfortunately, the facts on this matter speak for themselves. Even the scientists hired by these companies indicate that they have lied to the public and to the government about what is really in their product. As one recent news report put it: cigarette scientists had been altering their findings to hide the toxicity of their product: They also found, after obtaining evidence that additives increased toxicity, that tobacco scientists adjusted the protocol for presenting their results in a way that obscured these increases.

Toyota: SWOT Analysis, BCG Matrix and Porters Five

Toyota: SWOT Analysis, BCG Matrix and Porters Five Toyota is a Japan based company which was established in 1937 by Sakichi Toyoda and is the world biggest automobile manufacturers, Toyota has achieved a record sale of 9 million cars in five continents. Toyota is also ranked in the top ten 500 ² companies. Toyota is one the worlds most renowned auto manufacturers and they are proud of this accomplishment and they believe it is only because that their customers are satisfied by them. http://www.toyota.com.cy/experience/the_company/index.aspx Strategy of Toyota Different strategies of Toyota are explained as under Growth Strategy In order to achieve an outstanding growth strategy, company must find, evaluate and select a strategy to enter and to capture a market. Toyota entered in American market in 1967 along with a range of cars and after that Toyota launched other brands such as lexus and scion. Toyota became a successful car manufacturer company mainly because of an effective and diverse marketing process which has enabled them to attract customers and enlarge its product range to other market segments. One of the other main reason why Toyota managed to do very well in America is because of 1973 oil crisis. When Toyota entered in American market it was not considered a threat because everyone use to say that Toyota cars do not appeal American people. But due to the oil crisis people realized that Toyota cars are highly fuel efficient and much more reliable. Marketing Strategy of Toyota Toyota is a global brand and the economic crisis which started in 2009 has hit Toyota. Therefore, Toyota is now marketing and making fuel efficient cars such as the new Auris hybrid and others. On top of that Toyota is very heavily marketing there 1 litre cars such as Toyota iq and aygo and this happened due to the the economic crunch that now people dont have much spending power. http://ayushveda.com/blogs/business/toyotas-marketing-strategy/ Environmental strategy In modern era, all the developed and under developed countries are more concern with the environment and are trying their best to promote cars which are more environment friendly and throw less co2 emission out. As a global car manufacturer Toyota is playing its role in minimising the co2 effect on the environment of the world. This is the reason Toyota has launched hybrid cars, the ultimate eco car, electric vehicles, plug in hybrid, fuel cell vehicle cars which consume less fuel and also discharge less co2 emission. So basically, Toyota is making cars which are user friendly and also environment friendly.www.toyota.com To critically evaluate the strategy of Toyota, some analysis of internal and external analysis required to be done and they are explained as under. SWOT analysis This analysis is a great tool for doing an audit of an organisation and its environment. It is the first step for marketers to take to focus on key issues. Swot stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses examine the internal factors of a company whereas the opportunities and threats are the analysis of external factors. SWOT analysis of Toyota Strengths of Toyota Toyota is global organisation, which enjoys great repute among its customers and possesses a very strong international position in 170 countries. Financial side of this company is extremely strong in 1997 company managed a sales turnover of  £131,511 million and growth of the company was 29.3%. Due to its high quality, an environment friendly product Toyota has a very strong brand recognition. Toyota has managed successfully penetrate into the main markets of the world which includes USA, China and Middle east countries. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_swot_analysis_of_Toyota Weakness of Toyota The production plants of Toyota are located in US and Japan due to which they are not in a very favourable position to take advantage from global efficiency gains. The company has suffered a lot of criticism due to the re-call made in 2005 and 2010. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_swot_analysis_of_Toyota Opportunities for Toyota Toyota was the first company to develop a hybrid car (hybrid- vehicle runs on gas and electric) which was the Prius model. At that time oil prices were at their extreme so at that time Toyota has given something to the market. Toyota is looking forward to expand belligerently into new segments of existing markets for example by the launch of Toyota Aygo the company is targeting the youth of the world. Another opportunity for Toyota is to produce small city cars which will be more fuel efficient and also easy to drive plus will produce less c02 emission because now a day governments of all under developed and developed countries are showing great concern about the environment. Toyota enjoys good market share in Europe, UK and America the company should target developing countries such as Pakistan, India and Srilanka where demand is very high for great fuel efficient cars. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_swot_analysis_of_Toyota Threats to Toyota Toyota faces very high competition by Honda and by other German car manufacturers. Especially in todays global market the trend of intense marketing campaign is increasing which will simply increase pressure on Toyota. The position of US dollar is very consistent so the exchange rates are playing a major role in the profit and loss of the company. The recession that has hit the world almost a couple of years ago have caused major issues for Toyota because car sales have declined rapidly ever since the recession started. Market trend is changing for example the trend of large families coming to an end and with it the need of large cars. Consistent increase in fuel prices has also bought a significant decline the car sales of Toyota Company. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_swot_analysis_of_Toyota BCG Matrix The Boston consultancy group matrix is a chat which was created by Peter Henderson in 1970. The purpose of this design is to help companies with the manufacturing units and product lines. The base of this tool in the product life cycle theory and it helps companies to decide on which areas they should prioritize. BCG Matrix for Toyota Prius This tool can also be used to analyze the launch of a product in the market. In this matrix two factors determine the success of a product. Market share and market growth are explained individually in the diagram. With the help of this tool an outstanding marketing strategy can easily be determined. Market Growth of Prius The Toyota prius was launched in Japan in 1997 and it was made available to the world in 2001. By the end of 2003, a new model of the car was launched and due to its modern hybrid technology it was sold 160,000 times throughout the world. It was mainly because at that time the prius was the only hybrid car and Toyota made maximum profit out of that. Up till now Toyota has managed to sell around 1 million hybrid cars and most of them are prius. To analyze the market growth of this product, given below is the monthly sales figure of U.S from 2000 to 2007. From the table above, we can clearly see that prius sales have increased dramatically over thye years. In 2000 number of cars sold was just 5,562 whereas the cars sold in 2007 excluding the month of December were 167,010 which is almost 30 times more the number of cars sold in 2000. The table given above, we can clearly view that Toyota prius was the best selling car in US with a great margin. Toyota has just 5.3% more sales than September 2007 but it has overall 50.7% more sales then the last year October. We can also see an outstanding growth in the market of hybrid cars which is almost 30% which means that it is a very fast growing market. Market Share of Toyota Prius If we look at the market share of Prius, it comes on top of the hybrid car market share. The prius has a massive 53.7% market share and this is because Toyota has sold three times more cars than the runner up. This is the reason why prius was the market leader in 2007. The prius has sold approximately 190,000 cars which comes up to a market share of 57% and this is a clear proof that prius is a market leader even on yearly basis. Conclusion After this detailed bcg analysis it is concluded that prius is a star product. It has a booming market share in the high demand market of hybrid cars. All this makes prius a star product and a product which has a lot of potential in the future years. In the BCG matrix chart the prius have its position in the top left because it has an outstanding market share in a dynamic and fast growing market. Therefore, prius is a star product. This information can be used by Toyota to set up a plan for business and thus the investment the company make in the product can also turn into a cash cow. Porters five forces analysis This is the most successful tool in analyzing the strategy of an industry. According to wiki this is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E Porter of Harvard business school in 1979.it uses concepts developing industrial organisations economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. http://www.themarketers.in/?p=446 Porters five forces analysis includes critical analysis of five aspects which are as follows Threat of new entrants. Bargaining power of customers/ buyers. Threat of substitute products. Bargaining power of suppliers. The amount of rivalry between competitors. Five forces analysis on Toyota Detailed analysis of porters five forces. Threat of new entrants In auto industry all the big companies face threat of new entrants who enter into market to take their place. Toyota also faces same problems and the recent launch of TATA nano is a big threat for Toyota and for other auto companies. Because TATA nano is the cheapest car in the world which will definitely dominate in the under developed countries of the world and also TATA nanao and Peugeot has worked together to make that car so Toyota needs to come up with a strategy which will help them target the medium to lower medium class of the world. (Jhonson,s scholes and wittington.2008) Bargaining power of customers Bargaining power of customers vary from place to place. In European countries customers have outstanding bargaining power which is mainly due to the competition and because of their purchasing power. On the other hand in countries like Pakistan people dont have much choice and manufacturers charge reasonably high prices. (Jhonson,s scholes and wittington.2008) Threat of Substitute product In developed countries such as America or other European countries this threat is high for Toyota because there are a lot of other car manufacturers in these countries who sell their products with different deals such as now a day Citroen is selling most of their cars with 0 deposit and on no interest basis for up to three years which is a big threat for Toyota in UK. Because due to the economic crisis the world is facing people are more interested in saving money. (Jhonson,s scholes and wittington.2008) Bargaining power of suppliers Because Toyota is a strong brand therefore, this threat is comparatively low to them in comparison with other manufacturers because brand confirms suppliers a higher value to their product. (Jhonson,s scholes and wittington.2008) Rivalry among competitors This element also varies for area to area. As mentioned earlier in European countries there are a lot of manufacturers available so the rivalry among competitors is very high. For example in Pakistan Toyota has one main rival which is Honda but in UK Toyota has Honda, Peugeot, Nissan, ford, rover and also other companies which makes rivalry extremely intense. (Jhonson,s scholes and wittington.2008) Problems with Toyota Even though Toyota is one of the best car manufacturer company in the world but they have faced many problems over the years in different parts of the world. Some of them are related with products and some are even with the brand itself. A few of these problems are summarised in detail Toyota brand problem Toyota is a major brand and its sub-brands are Lexus and Scion but Toyota sells and manufacture most of its cars under the name of Toyota which is not a very healthy marketing strategy. For example, the problem Audi had in 1990 with its 5000 range (problem was acceleration which resulted in fatal acceleration accidents) which resulted a significant decline not just in the sale figure of Audi 5000 but due to that problem sales figure of Audi 4000 and Quattro were also declined to a great extent just because these too vehicles were manufactured by the same company. Despite of all the promotional and marketing activities held by Audi in between 1990-2000 the company has still not fully recovered and has not find its proper place in the market. Unfortunately, Toyota has not learned anything from this mistake and they keep on launching all cars under the same brand without paying much attention to sub-brands. Due to the recent problem of rapid acceleration in Toyota cars customers are beginning to show less interest in the brand and now it is believed that nest decade will be very tough for Toyota. So, Toyota really needs to promote its sub brands and to pump marketing investments in them. Toyotas Brand Problems Begin At Its Core Brake problems in Toyota Prius In 2010, braking problems were reported with Toyota prius in America by manay customers, four of them were involved in crash. The problem was that customers were finding it difficult to brake on un even surface. Which resulted in major accidents and as a result Toyota had to do a major recall in America which resulted in a significant decline in sale and due to which Toyota has launched its market share throughout the world. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8497471.stm Rapid acceleration problem of Toyota Toyota had to do a major recall in 2004 which was basically companies biggest in which company had to recall 3.8 million vehicles. In the beginning Toyota said that the problem is with the floor matt but after few crashes the company actually decided to go for the recall decision. http://www.leftlanenews.com/a-closer-look-at-toyotas-sudden-acceleration-problem.html Acceleration stuck In the last decade Toyota has given us quality products such as Camry, corolla and Tercel. But then in 2010 a problem came in Toyota a vehicle which was reported as the acceleration gets stuck which is causing difficulty in stopping the vehicle and could result in major accidents. As a result, Toyota has not just recall the selected models on a national model but also stopped production for these vehicles. This decision of Toyota is really admired by Dr. Edward Deming who is called the undisputed father of quality management and he said that quality is better than quantity and by doing a recall national level Toyota has proved that they care about their customers and are willing to give them something extra. Some say that this incident will hurt Toyota and result in a decline of sales Toyota over the years but some say that this will benefit Toyota in coming years because once the problem is rectified than people will be more eager in buying Toyota vehicles especially over American c ars because they know that they will be getting quality. http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/2656835/toyota_is_facing_a_major_problem.html?cat=27 Recommendations By looking at the problems Toyota had over the years it is concluded that Toyota should take its business more seriously as they are the market leaders. The company should properly test every product several times before launching it in the market. Invest in sub brands Toyota should now invest heavily in its sub brands. This will bring stability in the sales of Toyota as if anything goes wrong with Toyota car customers will not stop buying the sub brands products and this will result in keeping the market share stable. Make hybrid technology cheaper Toyota is investing in hybrid vehicles which cause less co2 emission and also environment friendly but these vehicles are extremely expensive and not in the range of majority of people. The future main threat for auto mobile manufacturer is TATA nano which is the worlds cheapest car so if Toyota does not want to lose its market share than Toyota really needs to look ahead and come up with something which is a lot better than quality than TATA nano and the best way to beat nano is to come up with cheap and small hybrid car. Identify market trends and target markets The market trend is changing very quickly, now people dont travel in groups everyone prefer to keep their own cars so Toyota needs to make more small cars. At the moment there are just three small cars from Toyota which are Toyota aygo, iq and yaris which is a pretty small number from the worlds biggest auto manufacturer. On top of that these cars are not fun to drive they dont offer good road grip and comfort and on top of that they are pretty expensive. So, if Toyota wants to do well in future they really need to re think their strategy and they should make hybrid cars much cheaper and make small cars more reliable and fun to drive. Toyota is very well located it has plants in Japan, Europe and America so they can manage to produce cheap quality cars. From Japan, they can target asian countries which include Pakistan, India and Sri lanka because these countries are showing rapid growth and people has high purchasing power. From European production plant, Toyota can target European countries which are a very big market and Toyota enjoys great market share in these countries. American production plant can be used to target America and Canada and other small countries in that region. In this way Toyota can easily produce cheap quality cars and supply them to these countries as they are very well located.